Journal
Meaning : A journal is a book of original entry wherein transactions are first recorded. The journal is the chronological record of the transactions of a business. It is a book of original entry wherein transactions are recorded chronological , showing the date for each, amounts to be debited and credited and an explanation.
The Ruling of journal
Journal
Date (a) | Particulars (b) | L.F © | Debit (d) | Credit (e) |
(f) Narration |
Recording in Journal
Transaction 1. Raja started business with Rs. 4,00,000 and this amount he brought in cash.
(i) The two accounts being affected in this transaction are:
(a) cash account (asset) and (b) Owner equity - Raja's capital account
(ii) Cash account is a real account, The relevant rule of double entry for real account is "Debit what comes in and credit what goes out." In other words, increase in asset is debited to the relevant asset account. Here case will be debited.
(iii) Raj's capital account is a personal account. the relevant rule of double entry for personal accounts being "Debit the receiver and credit the giver". Raja. Raja has given the cash sum of Rs. 4,00,000 to business. so his account should be credit. In other words. increases in personal account are always credited.
Transaction 2. Business purchased for cash furniture of Rs. 20,0000.
(i) The two accounts being affected are (a) furniture, and (b) cash.
(ii) Both of these are real accounts.
(iii) The rule for real accounts is "debit what comes in or incoming and credit what goes out or outgoings"
The journal entry will be as under:
Transaction 3. Business paid rent Rs. 5,000.
(i) The two accounts being affected are expense (rent) and cash
(ii) Rent is nominal account while cash is real account
(iii) The rule for nominal account is " Debit all expenses or losses and credit all incomes or gains. The rule
for real account is "debit what comes in and credit what goes out"
(iii) Raj's capital account is a personal account. the relevant rule of double entry for personal accounts being "Debit the receiver and credit the giver". Raja. Raja has given the cash sum of Rs. 4,00,000 to business. so his account should be credit. In other words. increases in personal account are always credited.
Date (a) | Particulars (b) | L.F © | Debit (d) | Credit (e) |
Cash Dr. To Raja 's capital a/c ( Being money invested in the business ) | 4,00,000 | 4,00,000 |
(i) The two accounts being affected are (a) furniture, and (b) cash.
(ii) Both of these are real accounts.
(iii) The rule for real accounts is "debit what comes in or incoming and credit what goes out or outgoings"
The journal entry will be as under:
Furniture Dr. Rs.20,000 To cash Rs. 20,000 (being furniture purchased for cash) |
Transaction 3. Business paid rent Rs. 5,000.
(i) The two accounts being affected are expense (rent) and cash
(ii) Rent is nominal account while cash is real account
(iii) The rule for nominal account is " Debit all expenses or losses and credit all incomes or gains. The rule
for real account is "debit what comes in and credit what goes out"
Rent… Dr. Rs.5,000 To cash Rs. 5,000 (being rent for the month of…… paid in cahs) |
Transaction 4. Business received interest Rs. 3,000.
This transaction increases assets (cash) and revenue (interest) both.The increase in assets is debited
and that revenue is credited.
Cash…. Dr. Rs.3,000 To Interest Rs. 3,000 (being interest received in cash) |
Transaction 5. Business paid its creditor Rs. 10,000
This transaction reduces the amounts of liability ( creditor) and asset ( cash ) both. The reduction in a liability
is debited and that in asset is credited.
Creditor Dr. Rs.10,000 To Cash Rs. 10,000 (being the amount paid) |
Illustration 1. Enter the following transaction in the journal of Raj for the month of July 1999.
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